炒的和不那么微小的真菌共生微生物基因組[ ]
Symbiosis, defined as prolonged and close association of two or more different organisms, is a major driving force for expansion of biological diversity from genes to ecosystems. In the most intimate form, the symbiont lives inside the cells of its host, is heritable, and the two parties could no longer...
一般的，現象學，對飛重整化排斥模型為終端超微粒組件[工程]自限性組織
Self-limited, or terminal, supraparticles have long received great interest because of their abundance in biological systems (DNA bundles and virus capsids) and their potential use in a host of applications ranging from photonics and catalysis to encapsulation for drug delivery. Moreover, soft, uniform colloidal aggregates are a promising candidate for...
一個伴侶調控提高底物選擇性翻譯的蛋白靶向[生化]中
The ribosome exit site is a crowded environment where numerous factors contact nascent polypeptides to influence their folding, localization, and quality control. Timely and accurate selection of nascent polypeptides into the correct pathway is essential for proper protein biogenesis. To understand how this is accomplished, we probe the mechanism by...
保守的SMP結構域介導的ERMES復雜的磷脂結合的系繩組件[生化]
Membrane contact sites (MCS) between organelles are proposed as nexuses for the exchange of lipids, small molecules, and other signals crucial to cellular function and homeostasis. Various protein complexes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES), function as dynamic molecular tethers between organelles. Here, we report the reconstitution and...
癌基因v-src激酶的分子伴侶Hsp90的[生化]構象的處理
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the activation of numerous client proteins, including many kinases. The most stringent kinase client is the oncogenic kinase v-Src. To elucidate how Hsp90 chaperones kinases, we reconstituted v-Src kinase chaperoning in vitro and show that its activation is ATP-dependent, with the cochaperone Cdc37...
在凈化選擇[進化]在蛋白質進化的應急和防御
The phenotypic effect of an allele at one genetic site may depend on alleles at other sites, a phenomenon known as epistasis. Epistasis can profoundly influence the process of evolution in populations and shape the patterns of protein divergence across species. Whereas epistasis between adaptive substitutions has been studied extensively,...
細胞外ATP誘導HIV-1的快速釋放含人巨噬細胞病毒微生物室[ ]
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infects CD4+ T lymphocytes and tissue macrophages. Infected macrophages differ from T cells in terms of decreased to absent cytopathicity and for active accumulation of new progeny HIV-1 virions in virus-containing compartments (VCC). For these reasons, infected macrophages are believed to act as “Trojan horses” carrying...
在細胞靜止期蛋白質的合成是通過一個翻譯延伸因子[微生物]磷酸化的抑制
In nature, most organisms experience conditions that are suboptimal for growth. To survive, cells must fine-tune energy-demanding metabolic processes in response to nutrient availability. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which protein synthesis in starved cells is down-regulated by phosphorylation of the universally conserved elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). Phosphorylation...
志賀菌屬感染的圖像分析顯示結腸隱窩的微生物學] [目標
Few studies within the pathogenic field have used advanced imaging and analytical tools to quantitatively measure pathogenicity in vivo. In this work, we present a novel approach for the investigation of host–pathogen processes based on medium-throughput 3D fluorescence imaging. The guinea pig model for Shigella flexneri invasion of the colonic...
單分子分析顯示在多發性骨髓瘤廣泛的結構性變化[應用生物科學]
Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of plasma cells, is characterized by widespread genomic heterogeneity and, consequently, differences in disease progression and drug response. Although recent large-scale sequencing studies have greatly improved our understanding of MM genomes, our knowledge about genomic structural variation in MM is attenuated due to the limitations...
一個[鎳鐵]氫化鎳metallochaperone HYPA及其增強子[生化] NI采集周期結構基礎
The Ni atom at the catalytic center of [NiFe] hydrogenases is incorporated by a Ni-metallochaperone, HypA, and a GTPase/ATPase, HypB. We report the crystal structures of the transient complex formed between HypA and ATPase-type HypB (HypBAT) with Ni ions. Transient association between HypA and HypBAT is controlled by the ATP...
線粒體膜間隙蛋白[生化]復古易位
The content of mitochondrial proteome is maintained through two highly dynamic processes, the influx of newly synthesized proteins from the cytosol and the protein degradation. Mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the intermembrane space by the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly pathway that couples their import and oxidative folding. The folding trap...
在一個激酶信號轉導網絡[生化]電路與可塑性實證推理
Our understanding of physiology and disease is hampered by the difficulty of measuring the circuitry and plasticity of signaling networks that regulate cell biology, and how these relate to phenotypes. Here, using mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics, we systematically characterized the topology of a network comprising the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling axes...
在受激散射顯微鏡[與計算生物]拉曼測量人類釘分子擴散
The effective treatment of diseases of the nail remains an important unmet medical need, primarily because of poor drug delivery. To address this challenge, the diffusion, in real time, of topically applied chemicals into the human nail has been visualized and characterized using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Deuterated water...
在癌癥的[與計算生物]轉錄調控的推理
Despite the rapid accumulation of tumor-profiling data and transcription factor (TF) ChIP-seq profiles, efforts integrating TF binding with the tumor-profiling data to understand how TFs regulate tumor gene expression are still limited. To systematically search for cancer-associated TFs, we comprehensively integrated 686 ENCODE ChIP-seq profiles representing 150 TFs with 7484...
門控質子和質子引起的棘輪運動的細菌鞭毛馬達[與計算生物]定子
The proton permeation process of the stator complex MotA/B in the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli was investigated. The atomic model structure of the transmembrane part of MotA/B was constructed based on the previously published disulfide cross-linking and tryptophan scanning mutations. The dynamic permeation of hydronium/sodium ions and water molecule...
在單線態激子裂變溶液[化學]三對中級鑒定
Singlet exciton fission is the spin-conserving transformation of one spin-singlet exciton into two spin-triplet excitons. This exciton multiplication mechanism offers an attractive route to solar cells that circumvent the single-junction Shockley–Queisser limit. Most theoretical descriptions of singlet fission invoke an intermediate state of a pair of spin-triplet excitons coupled into...
鮮為人知的物種滅絕[生態]
Since the 1980s, many have suggested we are in the midst of a massive extinction crisis, yet only 799 (0.04%) of the 1.9 million known recent species are recorded as extinct, questioning the reality of the crisis. This low figure is due to the fact that the status of very...
長循環納米粒靶向siRNA驗證Prohibitn1治療非小細胞肺癌[工程]
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising strategy for identification and validation of putative therapeutic targets and for treatment of a myriad of important human diseases including cancer. However, the effective systemic in vivo delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumors remains a formidable challenge. Using a robust self-assembly strategy,...
基本上基于樣本的頻譜[進化]的人口統計推斷的精度限制
The sample frequency spectrum (SFS) of DNA sequences from a collection of individuals is a summary statistic that is commonly used for parametric inference in population genetics. Despite the popularity of SFS-based inference methods, little is currently known about the information theoretic limit on the estimation accuracy as a function...
在叢枝菌根內生細菌基因組：鑲嵌在一個古老的支原體菌協會[生物學] TransKingdom基因轉移
For more than 450 million years, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have formed intimate, mutualistic symbioses with the vast majority of land plants and are major drivers in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. The obligate plant-symbiotic AMF host additional symbionts, so-called Mollicutes-related endobacteria (MRE). To uncover putative functional roles of these widespread...
支原體相關的內生細菌最小的基因組是塑料和含有宿主基因持續生活在[ ]的專性微生物
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) colonize roots of the majority of terrestrial plants. They provide essential minerals to their plant hosts and receive photosynthates in return. All major lineages of AMF harbor endobacteria classified as Mollicutes, and known as mycoplasma-related endobacteria (MRE). Except for their substantial intrahost genetic diversity and...
rnasek是多種酸依賴病毒[微生物]的內在要求
Viruses must gain entry into cells to establish infection. In general, viruses enter either at the plasma membrane or from intracellular endosomal compartments. Viruses that use endosomal pathways are dependent on the cellular factors that control this process; however, these genes have proven to be essential for endogenous cargo uptake,...
溶菌酶乳酸乳球菌宿主介導的溶解有利于減輕發炎結腸結腸炎超氧化物歧化酶[微生物]交貨
Beneficial microbes that target molecules and pathways, such as oxidative stress, which can negatively affect both host and microbiota, may hold promise as an inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Prior work showed that a five-strain fermented milk product (FMP) improved colitis in T-bet?/? Rag2?/? mice. By varying the number of strains...
